Assessment criteria. Unit 2.

• Define: triplet or codon, anticodon, homologous chromosomes.
• Describe the structure of the DNA (double helix, polynucleotide/nucleotides, complementary bases, nitrogenous bases, deoxyribose, phosphate group, hydrogen bonds).
• Explain how DNA folds to form chromosomes.
• Describe the structure of a chromosomes and differentiate between the four types of chromosomes.
• Differentiate between the structure of the DNA and the structure of the RNA.
• Know who discovered the structure of DNA.
• Explain how a protein is synthesized:
  • Transcription.
  • Translation.
• Given a strand of DNA, replicate it, transcribe it and translate it (using the given genetic code).
• Explain what the genetic code is and its main characteristics.
• Describe how DNA replicates.
• Know the three kinds of RNA.
• Outline the stages in the cell cycle (G0, G1, S , G2, mitosis and cytokinesis) and the major events of each stage.
• Describe the events that occur in mitosis and name its phases.
• Know what a diploid cell and a haploid cell is and which cells are haploid.
• Describe the events that occur in meiosis and name its phases.
• Describe the process of recombination in meiosis.
• Explain the purpose of meiosis.
• Explain how cytokinesis occurs in a plat cell and in an animal cell.
• Explain what a karyotype is.