Assessment criteria Unit 3

1. Define the following terms: genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, gene, hereditary disease.
2. Explain and predict probabilities of outcomes from genetic crossing involving one or two genes (dihybrid crossing) and:
   1. Two homozygous parents.
   2. Two heterozygous parents.
   3. One homozygous and one heterozygous parent.
   4. Sex-linked characteristics.
   5. Linked genes.
   6. Codominance.
   7. Intermediate inheritance.
3. Explain a sex determination cross.
4. Understand how to interpret family pedigrees and to find out the genotypes of the members of the family.
5. Know some examples of inherited conditions: haemophilia and colour-blindness.
6. State Mendel’s laws (name and conclusions) and explain Mendel's experiments
   1. First law and first experiment : Crossing of two pure-breeding plants for one trait (tall/short).
   2. Second law and second experiment: Crossing of two plants from the F1 of the first crossing.
   3. Third law:
      1. Third experiment: Crossing of two pure-breeding plants for two traits (tall/short and purple/white).
      2. Fourth experiment: Crossing of two plants from the F1 of the third crossing.
7. Explain the exceptions to Mendel’s laws: intermediate inheritance, co-dominance, gene linkage and genetic recombination.
8. Know what a mutation is and the different types of mutations according to:
   1. The size: gene,chromosomal, genomic (aneuploidy and euploidy)
   2. The type of cell.
   3. The effect, giving an example of a beneficial mutation.
9. Give an example of a genetic disorder caused by a genomic mutation.
10. Give an example of a genetic disorder caused by a gene mutation.
11. Explain what amniocentesis is.
12. Explain what a molecular test is.
13. Explain what a carcinogen is and name one example of each type of carcinogen.